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Tibet,xizang Chien said that the origins of the name--tibet xizang culture

Today, the Chinese of "Tibet" (Tibetan for bodljong) The term refers to the People's Republic of China a regional ethnic autonomy, is equivalent to a provincial-level autonomous regions

Tibet,xizang Chien said that the origins of the name--tibet xizang culture

China Tibetan Studies Center

     Today, the Chinese of Tibet (Tibetan for bodljong) The term refers to the Peoples Republic of China a regional ethnic autonomy, is equivalent to a provincial-level autonomous regions, and its wholly-called Tibet Autonomous Region (for the Tibetan bodrangskyongljong), Sometimes referred to as Tibet (bodljong). Tibet Autonomous Region has an area of 1.2 million square kilometers, the population of 228.88 million, the entire autonomous region is divided into a prefecture-level city that is the city of Lhasa, Xigaze, Ali, Nagqu and Nyingchi, Qamdo and Shannan, and other six zones, administered a county - Class city that is the Xigaze City, 71 counties and one county Chengguan District, 899 townships and 31 towns. Autonomous Region in Lhasa, the capital city. 

     With the socio-economic and cultural development, transport and communications conditions improve, and the frequent inter-regional exchanges, Tibet in Chinese terms of newspapers and magazines, TV and movies, appear frequently in the news, has long been known by people. Although some scholars have its origin and significance of the study made a number of explanations. But for the origins of the term, not only in the community, even in the specialized study of Tibetan studies scholars, to explain clearly who is not a lot. But also in some of the current argument has been made, there are still many problems in that this is because the history of Tibetan, Chinese, Mongolian, Manchu language on the part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the geographical name of the Tibetan people that has occurred Numerous changes, and these names on the history and impact of cross-cutting, has been made on the Tibet and the Tibetan people and their call meaning there are still more complicated situation.

     7 rise of the Tubo Dynasty, unified most of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Tang Dynasty Chinese classics Tubo to refer to Tubo Dynasty, but also that of the Tubo Dynasty some regions, sometimes refers to the Tubo Dynasty tribes, as the group said. Tibetan of dubious origin and the meaning of the term so far in the academic community have a different interpretation, or that derived from the Tibetan language, or that derived from Tuyuhun language, or that derived from Turkic language, or that originated from the southern Chinese cooler baldness The names still difficult to draw conclusions. However excavated from the Dunhuang Tibetan and Chinese control the terms of instruments, at least in the medium term after the Tubo Dynasty, Tubo seems to be the Tibetan language in the Tubo Dynasty claimed the equivalent of bod, who is the bod. In fact, bod as the geographical and tribal name, in the Tubo Dynasty prior to the emergence of the original may be the Master of Benjiao the call, later became the Benjiao the call, then later became the name of some tribal alliance, after another These tribes live in a geographical name. Tibetan historical records that before the Tubo Dynasty, there were 12 kinds ruled by tribal groups, of which two are used to refer to its bodkhams rule area. Tubo Dynasty rise, as claimed by bod, and the Tang dynasty in the exchanges, the Tubo Dynasty to bodchenpo (big fan) corresponds to the Tang dynasty a Datang. Tubo Dynasty because of the unity of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the plateau in various tribal groups for the formation of a nation, and later, the Tubo Dynasty claimed bod evolved into Tibetan claimed. 

     Although the Tubo Dynasty external to the area which they occupy in the total referred to as Tibetan and big fan, but in its internal differences between the various regions, the other a study by name. Tubo Dynasty will be the first of its headquarters is divided into four Ru (ru), including the Tibet Autonomous Region today in the Yarlung Zangbo River, Lhasa River, Nianchu He, Yalong River, has been a history of the Tibet Autonomous Region in the most developed economic areas . In the habit of getting on the Yalong river valley is the Tubo Dynasty royal Fat Tseung, Lhasa is the capital of the Tubo Dynasty, which it said Lhasa River and Yalong River Wuru dburu and about RU gyoru for the Guardian (dbus ), And Italy as the center of the basin and its Nianchu He will be north of the west Yeru gyasru, RU pull rulag collectively, the possession (gtsang), intended for the upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River north-south cross-strait region. Guardian and possession collectively, the Guardian of dbusgtsang, namely that the Tubo Dynasty regional headquarters. Later Tubo Dynasty conquered the northern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the eastern, known as the multi-kang (mdokhams), and more (mdo) intended for the junction, the valley mouth, kang (khams) intended for the region, the multi-kang Italy for the Tubo Dynasty and the outward development of the channel base, while some outlying areas of Italy. With the Tubo Dynasty to the northeast of force expansion, Dokan gradually expanding the scope, but again the upper reaches of the Yellow River to the Huangshui River Valley area known as Ma Si Duo (mdosmad), that is, more health in the lower part of , Because the region contains Animaqing Hill (Amyesrmachen) and Dora Wo Hui Shan (mdolaringbo small Jishi Shan), is also known as An (Amdo) region. Dokan the rest of the apparent more health of the name, later said that the Kang District (khams). Dunhuang Tibetan history of this instrument in the Tubo Dynasty to send Secretary of State presided over the three-regional military and political leader of the AU will be held records in the case, because of the Tubo Dynasty administrative divisions, to the latter part of the Tubo Dynasty, and even after the collapse of the Tubo Dynasty Qinghai-Tibet Plateau the nearly 400 years of separatist period, the residents of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau into habits, Guardian of the four-ru dbusgtsangrubzhi, Dokan mdokhams, Ma Si Duo mdosmad such as the three most. 

     Yuan Dynasty unified Tibetan areas, supporting the establishment of local government allocation Sakya, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Yuan Dynasty established a series of military and political institutions. Open early Yuan Dynasty in the river, the establishment of Tibetan Xuanwei Si, as the management of the entire Tibetan region of the body, Pagba in 1272 to 1274, also living in the river for more than two years. Later jurisdiction because the ground too much, and in Kang district to set up a Xuan Weisi, to Pagba passed away in 1280 after the Yuan Dynasty to the needs of policy, and in-possession to set up a Xuanwei Si. In this way, the medium-term to the Yuan Dynasty, the entire Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was divided into three administrative regions: first, Ma Si Duo, a Tibetan, etc. Xuanwei to have Secretary Marshal House (also known as the duo Ma Xuanwei Si Si), this jurisdiction Most of Qinghai Province, Gansu Province and the southern area of Aba in Sichuan Province; First Gansi Duo, that is, when the Tubo Dynasty, and more health, a Tibetan, and so the Secretary for all road Xuanwei Marshal House (also known as the duo announced Gansi Comfort to Division), the jurisdiction of this Yushu in Qinghai Province, Garze of Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province and Qamdo Diqing Tibet Autonomous Region and the Nagqu area in the east; third is Ali-possession, possession for Wu Si-speed guru, is satisfied that the three-way Xuanwei Secretary for all so that Marshal House (also known as Wu Si possession Xuanwei Si), Wu Si possession of jurisdiction (that is, when the Tubo Dynasty, Guardian of the four-ru) and the west of Ali, that is, this regional jurisdiction of the Tibet Autonomous Region Department. Collectively, the Yuan dynasty in the Tibetan region as Tibetan, referred to Tibetan areas in various parts of the commonly used duo Ma Si, Duo Gansi, Wu Si possession and other names. Since the Yuan Dynasty Tibetan region has been classified as Western Regions the scope of the Yuan Dynasty general term for all ethnic groups in the Western Regions Xifan (or writing Xifan), the Tibetan be seen as one of Xifan, so sometimes Xi said the Tibetan region as the West Fan, and sometimes different for Xifan This is the first time in the place names in Tibetan called the Fan with the word that position in front of the West . This informal Tubo to change Xifan, Xifan, Later, there is Tibet is the first step, but Tibet is not from Xifan or Xifan To the evolution.

     Ming dynasty of the Yuan Dynasty Tibetan region is basically inherited the old system. But because of the thought that after the duo Ma Tei area Tibetan, Mongolian, Han, Hui, and other miscellaneous group, the Ming dynasty established in Xining, River state, the state Tao, Wei Min Zhou, and other jurisdictions, it said that with the Xining-Wei, Wei River, and so on, not Reuse duo Ma Si as a Chinese region name, because the area adjacent to Qinghai Lake, the study also known as the Yellow Sea. Gansi Duo, a duo Gan Wei Ming dynasty. Wu Si Yuan Dynasty to the satisfaction of speed in the three-Gulu road Xuanwei Secretary to the area are Marshal House, the Ming dynasty is divided into Ushuaia (Si) possession Douzhihuishi Division and the Russian people think of Marshal of the House. Common in the literature of the Ming Dynasty, possession of large-Ushuaia King, Ushuaia possession illustrates the King, visible in the literature of the Ming Dynasty, Ushuaia possession is a clear scope of the geographical name.

     After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Mongolia, Qinghai forces re-entry, Anda Khan III, to greet the Dalai Lama, Sonam Gyatso of Qinghai Lake to the meeting, the son of bin rabbit prepared in Qinghai Lake Shore Jiansi, the Ming dynasty in the discussion whether or not to agree with Anda Khan Jiansi greet the Buddha, Bingbu Ji Shizhong CAI Ru-yin in the memorials, he said: covered promised Jiansi, all the way in Tibet, freedom of movement, listening to the Fengfo, North and South Zhu Fan, a traffic ban. ( Record Shenzong that North Korea Wanli Jiaxu April 2003, Volume 37) This is the first Chinese historical data to see Tibet, but the whole context of justice, Anda Shunyi Wang Jian Temple West Coast, the amount requested to Temple, Ci Ming Yang, and Krupp westbound to Wang Ying-Anda Buddha, begging the three-town official oath about conversations, picked to remain leader of governance ban all razed, to pay tribute City, Gansu and begging - , Opened in Xining Maicha. Duchen to hear. Bingbushangshu WANG Chong-old statement: this-year-old Chunchuanda to send the send-Hill, which claims Zhisun sets Emirates flies to cut Taiwans Huang, Ying Feng Living Buddha to the West Sea. Collinson Jiuwen sets Qiu years抢savages, not in Dezhi, to carry all the West Anda assistance, in order to retaliate. Guzhi here of Tibet , should be West Sea error. And Tibet in the Ming Dynasty Chinese literature also only see this one, so it was with the word Tibet There is no relationship, can not be seen as Tibet appeared as early as examples of the Ming Dynasty. 

     The late Ming and early Qing Wei Late Gushi Khan, the Mongolian Joint Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism rule of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the rise of the Qing Dynasty, through Gushi Khan and the establishment of relations between the Tibetan region. Mongolian soil for the Tibetan Burt said, adding more security along the ancient Tibetan Tang for the special (from the era of Genghis Khan in Mongolia since the Wu Tang said that for the Western Xia). Said the early Qing Dynasty Tibetan literature as white listeriosis map or Ancient Tang special, the Qing Emperor Shunzhi, said Khan of Pakistan as white map of listeriosis tribal Khan, Pakistan, said the Dalai Lama as the Dalai Lama plans white tribal listeriosis Here the white listeriosis map that originated from the Mongolian Robert soil and the Mongolian Robert soil, also from Tubo, that is, from the Tibetan claimed bod. To the Kangxi Emperor, Qing Dynasty and the Tibetan region to further deepen the relationship, the Qing dynasty gradually learned that the Tibetan areas in various parts of the political, social, ethnic and there exist many differences, not all parts of the same name. In addition to using white listeriosis map collectively referred to Tibetan areas, the Qing dynasty will be the Dalai Lama, the Panchen Lamas residence to follow the habit of Tibetan known as the Wu Si possession, Wei possession and later by the Guardian of possession For the evolution of the word Tibet.

     Tibet in clear record first appeared in the Record- Emperor Kangxi, 2002 (1663) August Bingshen of: Tibets Panchen Lama, Hu Ke soil map it, Qianguanzhiji. Kangxi 2006 (1667) in October Bingshen of another: Shanxi and Shaanxi Governor Lu Shu Chongjun statement: The poor have a year to return to Tibet Lama said: Dalai Lama to Taiwan Jishen Zunzhi-ordered, Not allowed to cause trouble, but at this time of Tibet has not yet become a fixed geographical names, the Qing dynasty instruments in the areas under the jurisdiction of the Dalai Lama, still with different titles. Kangxi 33 years (1694), Basang Gyatso has passed away many years with the Dalai Lamas name played V, the first request for closure Basang Gyatso is the King, Emperor Kangxi that is, Basang Gyatso for Palm-Watt Chek assassination DA La Buddhism the Dalai Lama, the Hong Xuan Wang. Record- 35 years of Emperor Kangxi (1696) June Guichou of Emperor Kangxi in the Order of the Minister Suoe Tu Chuan Yu Dalai Lama, and other people and other carotenoid Zang Pa Keba Gelong said: Pakistan original section of the Dalai Lama under other affairs, I Zhuochun the gifted, called soil Robert King. Nai Yang Bong Tsongkhapas Road, overcast and Gaer Dan ratio, bully the Dalai Lama, the Panchen Lama and the bad in Caledonia Pakistans law. In August 1894 of the Emperor Kangxi to the first Basang Gyatso Chi Yu said: Pakistan Seoul, the first under the Dalai Lama, former Secretary of the matter, because Dole does not breach the Dalai Lama Words, auxiliary Road, I was gifted closure of King Robert Dole for the soil. Seoul this concept, Yang Feng of the Tsongkhapa, overcast with the peer than Gaer Dan, bully the Dalai Lama, the Panchen Lama, Hu Ke soil Map, and the bad of Tsongkhapa he said. Record-Kangxi 36 years (1697) March Gengchen of Emperor Kangxi and in the first Basang Gyatso to the Chi Yu said: ···· Zier played the statement: His Majesty awarded under the strict purpose, heart even fear, but this compliance Sheng Yu-chin, with the power to serve, if Zhen read the Dalai Lama, begging cooling-lun. Zhun cut Zouqing. Cheng Seoul Jizhi with a crime, I would not read the Dalai Lama-to repair at the calendar Younian by between «and if I increase眷-shirt, Robert Dole soil of their country Qide Health ye! Here, Emperor Kangxi Repeatedly said Tibet as a soil Robert, but in the meantime, officials of the Qing Dynasty and Tibet, also known as the instrument for Wu Si possession, such as Record- 35 years of Emperor Kangxi of the September Guihai said: The rationale Fan proposed rehabilitation hospital: Sichuan Yang Zhi-Xun Fu Shu in the statement: Wu Si-chen Zunzhi in Tibetan lamas and other official business survey Dajian Lu boundaries, is self-evident quarter so far, the original jurisdiction of the Department of the Chieftain, to the territory. But savages Health of the people who tea, the Habitat Office in a long time, and the Dalai Lama has Qizou, Huang En-line, should still make trade. Barbarian Renzhi Shi should read the Dalai Lama, Xiao Yu to comply with official business management. Chieftain of the relationship , The Chieftain management, not to cause trouble. Dajian Lu to the junction of four, the hand and inspected at the Department as part of the unification-may also he said. Record-38 years of Emperor Kangxi (1699) in July Gengchen of the Sichuan-Zoushu or Tidu Yue said: Da Jianlu of the original territory of North Korea, Wu Si forced occupation of Tibet. Run July the same year Renzi, or Yue Long Youzou: Hill throughout the investigation Da Jianlu, to the occupation of the Tibetans, the previous survey bribery Fu Chen, Tong Tong asked not occupied, only to you and trade. Guimou this head of dollars, to buy Zhu possession barbarian troops will remain Members of the system resource that is sent with the possession of savages he said. Record-Kangxi 39 years (1700) in March 1900 of the Qing Dynasty Xingbu Amun that played: check-in the custody of the Minister of the border, private Yima in possession will be allocated to feed the people gifts. And in July the same year of Emperor Kangxi in 1900 and the University of disabilities, and other people talk about the Junggar Alabutan strategy to jump when the movement said: I Xunxing of Mongolia To many, everything I are familiar with. Strategy to jump Elabutan Although cunning people, but by Robert Boluotala to soil, such as Halawusu go through the difficulties and dangers, the path very evil, and can not to attack. Foreseeable During this period, from top to bottom of the Qing Dynasty in Tibet there are still a variety of titles, said Robert soil, also said that Wu Si possession, and Sichuan local officials will Wusi possession referred to as possession, Tibetan And possession of savages, and in possession and other titles have begun to appear. But at least to clear record Kangxi 1959 (1709) New Year Jihai, appeared several times on the Tibet, said: First, Hu will pull Zang Li Bo Keta Seoul Khan for the Dalai Lama, Qinghai Taiwan and Kyrgyzstan, and other people did not identify actual situation, controversy Jie played each other, on the fate of the cabinet are muddy seladang rate of Taiwan people in Qinghai Jusco make the Fuxi Cang look at post-mortem. To is that the pull-outs are muddy back: Hill Zunzhi in Qinghai people of Taiwan and Kyrgyzstan So that to Tibet, to wood (of wood) local Rafah see Zang,…… found that:…… Taiwan and Kyrgyzstan, and other people in Qinghai and pull Zang Bumu, Tibetan affairs inconvenience to pull Zang grounds alone should be a Qianguan Zang went to Tibet for Latin America Cooperative Services. A purpose: In that. Its management of the affairs of Tibet to Shi Lang He TING, 1710 (Kangxi Sishijiunian) March Wu Yin, said: Minister of representative government, such as that : Pull Panchen Lama, Tibetan and Hu Ke soil maps, all the Tibetan Lama Temple, in management of Tibetan affairs Shi Lang He TING, Hu will Shuqingbanci Bo Keta Seoul Khan to the Dalai Lamas titles. Boke Ta Hu investigation Seoul Khan due to be young, Fengzhi once a few years after the awarding letters, Jinji familiar classics, and for the Qinghai Zhuzhong by weight, as should the invitation of giving India, the Dalai Lama called VI. From the. This is the procedure when the Qing Jun repeated use of Tibet in the case. 1721 Qingjun harassment of Tibets expulsion of the Junggar Army, the Emperor Kang Xi essays, Royal inscription system pacification of Tibet, including gentle yuan in mind, Li Shi Tibet, the phrase, which formally to the Lhasa-based Tibet region named Tibet. 

     Why in the Qing Dynasty adopted the white Intuit plans, Robert soil, Wu Si possession, Wei-possession after the words, a Tibet to refer to the Guardian of areas, so far no in-depth study . Figure White listeriosis when generic names for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is not suitable for possession of the means-region, Wei-possession of the Guardian, and military and political institutions in the Ming and Qing Dynasties era, Wei, by the Guardian The same word, and should not be used as an area of expertise. Emperor Kangxi also had the Guardian of the Guardian misunderstanding Yugong, said the three-risk of danger, he once said: Yugong I. Heishui, as the three-risk , The old note to the three mountains of adversity to, and not know where. I only test this fact. III danger, the three provinces in China are still ringing. Dajian Lu southwest, the Dalai Lama belong to adversity, Larry southeast of the city for Caledonia Wood, the Panchen Erdeni in their possession for. Of the three places, for the three-risk ears. Emperor Kangxi was probably also found that this is wrong, it no longer insist. Emperor Kangxi of the Tibet region has also directly referred to as the West, in the 35 years of Emperor Kangxi (1696) received Qingjun from the envoy there Gaer Dan intercepted Gaer Dan wrote the Dalai Lama, Tibet, Pakistan Sangjie Gyatso, Lamu law enforcement, is poor law enforcement, and other peoples letters, letters Emperor Kangxi in the beginning of the Zhupi Gaer Dan manuscript to the West to 14 archive. Record- records, Emperor Kangxi Sishiyinian (1702) October Ding Wei and Emperor Kangxi in the University of disabilities, and other people talk added: The state falling into Chengping, Wubei not less flip on the 1st. To the West For those for a strong military, the South is not, in itself aging, children and filling, so cowardly to the public. Emperor Kangxi of the visible Tibet, the Tibetan region of Sichuan, known as the West. The Tibetan -possession of the Guardian and the word with the full text of the West, the West (wargi) similar to the pronunciation of the word, and also in-possession in the southwest part of China, it might be Wei Possession in the Manchu in the first translated into wargiDzang , possession of the West , and then translated into Chinese from the Manchu, that is now commonly used for Tibet . This investigation, Man-Han Dictionary, Tibet is the full text of wargitsang, West City is the full text of wargihecen, which means west of the city; Western Regions in full Wen is wargiba, which means west of places.

     Tibet mentioned here twice used by the Manchu phrases are wargidzang, that is, west of possession. This speculation is the Manchurian Qing Jun of the Wu Si possession as the possession of the west and called it wargidzang, translated into Chinese, translated as Tibet, so as a Chinese Tibet Geographical terms, this may be a more reasonable explanation. 

     To the early years of Yongzheng, with the pacification of Mongolia carotenoid Qinghai-Tibetan Dan Rebellion, the Qing dynasty direct rule of the entire Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 1726-1728, the Qing Dynasty sent Sichuan Tidu Zhou Ying, the imperial clan-E, first degree courses such as demarcation of Tibet and Qinghai Chakan, Sichuan, Yunnans boundaries. At that time, identified 40 people to the Yushu in Qinghai, people under 39 northern Tibet Tibet, Qinghai and Tibet to Tanggulashan for the sector; Sichuan and Tibet to the quiet mountain community, the quiet mountain west of Tibet, the quiet mountain east of Sichuan, the Diqing Austin is in Yunnan. Later, as Tibet is also available in the scope of some small changes, but largely to Yongzhengnianjian division as a basis.

     However, despite the late Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, Chinese instruments in the extensive use of Tibet, but does not seem to have been formally identified uniform. Yongzheng 2009 (1731) Emperor Yongzheng Nai-seal rather, he is still closed for health for Tibetan affairs more Luobei Le-long, issued by the Bank of India, India is the Guardian for possession of more than Luobei LeLong Service Of India. The Qianlong Emperor in 1757 VII Dalai Lama passed away after the appointment, by Mu Hutuketu for Regency, in the new age of the Dalai Lama, the Dalai Lama, former Deputy terms of reference, given the first MU Hutuketu management of Tibetan affairs fortune Huang Mao Teaching classes Dannuo door Khan of India, the text printed on the full text of Tibet only dzang word counterparts, can be seen at the end of Qianlong, the Tibet can have dzang A word to short. For private writings, there are still accounts of Tibets book called Guardian of names, such as the famous Emperor Qianlong of the late minister and Lam in Tibet compiled by the Guardian of Tongzhi. But after the Chinese Emperor Qianlong in the history books, Tibet has become a common fixed term, Wu Si possession, Wei possession, the name is no longer in use. 

     Since the Qing Dynasty -possession area known as the Tibet and possession has become Wu Si possession, Wei-possession, Tibet in the name of the main characters, possession Nianchu He is originally from the watershed and The upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River for both sides of the names into the whole, Wei-possession of the acronym, after then have to Lhasa, Shannan area as Qiancang to Xigaze, Gyangze region for possession Xi said. And the formulation of the term, but also other Chinese of all ethnic groups on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its residents call the result a greater impact, because in the Republic of China again, the Tibetan instead of Tibetan, Xifan, savages Family title, a Chinese national on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Native group said. Therefore, their language is called Tibetan, text referred to as the Tibetan language, they believe in Buddhism, also known as Tibetan Buddhism. We can imagine, if not the Qing Dynasty Tibet instead of Wu Si possession, Guardian of the call, the Tibetans should be used Tubo, Xifan, White Intuit plans, soil Burt The call, in the Republic of China could be called Fan Family, soil Burt family, then, todays Tibet Autonomous Region in accordance with the general principle of naming, it might be called the Wu Si-fan ethnic Tibetan Autonomous Region or Wei-fan ethnic Tibetan Autonomous Region, Wu Si soil Robert ethnic Tibetan Autonomous Region.

     After the founding of Peoples Republic of China, in 1965 the formal establishment of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet, the Tibet Autonomous Region will become the term referred to, in parallel with other provinces and cities, sometimes referred to as possession.

     Tibet English word may originate from the Mongols and the Turks said the Tibetan Robert soil, the Arabs in the Yuan Dynasty introduced to the West, that is, from the Tibetan claimed bod. In the national title on, Tibet corresponding to the Tibetan, but on a geographical description, Tibet sometimes corresponds to the Tibet, sometimes refers to the entire Tibetan region, and Tibet meaning there are significant differences. In France, Germany, Russia, Japan and other text, too, this is a foreign language translation of the relevant data and information to a foreign language in Tibet need to pay attention to a problem.