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Tibets traditional music, the classification

2008-05-19 22:27:16 Tibet Xizang

Tibet's major Tibetan Drama Theatre Arts, Qamdo drama, opera, and so the door Pakistan. Tibetan Drama also said that Tibetan opera and Tibetan drama is the art of the name.

Sagya Monastery Zhudian murals in the Goddess in concert special Kum

Until the 1950s, the Tibetan society has been in a closed state, its long-term stay in the music inherent in traditional forms. From the classification, the music industry in general theory of Tibet’s traditional music is divided into four types: the court music, folk music, religious music, drama music. There is also a Rule of Thirds is to play music classified as folk music. 

Court music 

Tibet’s court music, in general, specifically in Tibet in the middle of the century, the Potala Palace for the music and dance-music, but also around the great Living Buddha temple palace in the clouds for the music and dance music. Despite the Tubo Dynasty period have had a praise Buguerlu, but not limited to the lyrics are reflected in its music (music), is pending verification. For music and dance-music can be divided into three types: 

-- Gaer (dance) music, it is a free, broad and long song and dance music, often from Su Na (the music), Dama Shudi, such as drums and musical instruments to play. 

-- Gaer Lu (songs) music, it is a beautiful melody, elegant, Gaer Lu songs often read Qin, yangqin, Biwang (String), dizi, roots (String), and other instruments as accompaniment. 

-- Yingsong music and musicians light, with a pure music, music often Ying Song, Su Na, Dama Shudi, such as drums and musical, and musicians often Shudi and light drum Dama two musical . 

Court music in the traditional music of Tibet belongs to a class of high style, the performance of its content is often a religion or the religious content of praise. The past, music and dance performances for the clouds, who are men, to show the religious holy and sacred nature. 

Folk music 

Tibet’s folk music in traditional music in a large proportion, in terms of variety, quantity, the rich or the content of the degree of sense, whether from the surface coverage, or in terms of frequency of performance, it has four major music Habitat Tibet The first category. From the sub-genres, singing and dancing folk music can be divided into categories, like folk songs, labor songs like, rap music category and five categories. 

-- Dance music. Tibet enjoyed Song and Dance of the Ocean reputation, there must be a dance song, there must be a dance song, singing and dancing to the music of Tibet to become one of the most important feature. This feature is unique geographical environment and way of life caused by. As is well known, high-altitude Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the cold climate, the people living in this land, singing songs when the time is not on the situation himself to dance, day after day, year after year, has become a Practice. First, to dance song will be expressed most vividly, secondly, to dance to reach the heating effect, this is also the Tibetan Song and Dance Arts where one of the special features.

 

Xigaze Lazi market-Chin Performance

In particular, Tibetan song and dance music fruit market, market-chin, thermal Pakistan, harmonic reactor, Mary capsule, Xianzi, al market, Zhuo market, harmonic Pakistan harmonic Ma declared, Suo, and so on. The fruit market for Tibetan circle dance of Italy, and almost all are found in Tibetan areas, rural areas is particularly prevalent. Fruit market in the Tibetan areas around a number of different name: Nagqu Prefecture, northern Tibet where Chaplin, where all of Fairmont fruit Erzhuo or pan-Zhuang, Wei said of the local fruit market, said Nyingchi areas, Fan .  Harmonic-chin, the Tibetan language as a song meaning, it is in a grand, grand celebration of the solemn occasion and elegant performances of song and dance. Harmonic Chin popular in Tibet vast rural areas and towns, but the pastoral areas of northern Tibet and along the eastern Tibet does not spread this art form. Pakistan heat is spread in eastern Tibet and the Qiangtang Grassland, a folk, is the splendid ancient Tibetan culture and the arts in a bouquet of colorful wonderful work, heat Ding Qing Pakistan’s most. Pakistan heat of the two main music, a dance accompanist for the music, and the other is singing or episode, a hot Pakistani drums, Tong-ling to the accompaniment. Pakistan due to heat in the regular song and dance interludes some Xianzi, there was also the use of horns Qin accompaniment. Qin playing horns at the performance of the Palestinian artists soul music so beautiful, lyrical, and the use of Pakistani drums and Tong-ling accompaniment of musical instruments to music vigorous and unrestrained. Reactor market is widespread in the Tibetan plateau, a folk, the Tibetan heap for the upper part of Italy, specifically the upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River Tingri, Lazi, Sakya, Ngamring county, and Ali, and other area; Tibetan  Market for the dance means, Heap market is a term from pile of people from outside the names. With Tibet’s Gandan chapter: the establishment of local government, the Tibetan cultural exchanges have become increasingly frequent activities, heap on the market this song and dance art gradually came to the Lhasa area, and the folk arts people under the Lhasa area folk flavor characteristics of transformation, From the rough to cheerful, lively and generous heap of Pakistani reactor market evolved into a relaxed and lively, beautiful subtle harmonic heap of Lhasa. Now, in the snow-covered plateau on the coexistence of the three heap market, that is Lhasa reactor market, Lazi reactor market, Tingri reactor market. Reactor market, Song and Dance扎often read to the accompaniment of Qin, Lhasa reactor market is扎read Qin, yangqin, special-qin, Erhu, Jinghu, flute and other instruments and Chuanling accompaniment. Mary capsule song and dance in general spread of Lhasa and Xigaze city, as the city of the arts. As Mary capsule structure to the dance music, norms, lyrical melody, beautiful, a blend dance, subtle and elegant style, delicate, so it in the Tibetan song and dance show ladies in the art of character, with Yinrou of the United States. Mary capsule song and dance to the accompaniment as reactor harmonic singing and dancing, often扎read Qin, yangqin, special-qin, erhu, Jinghu, flute and other instruments as and Chuanling. Xianzi the term used by the accompaniment of horns Qin named, as the Hong-market means (Hong zone dance). It is a spread in the eastern region of Tibet’s folk songs and dances, of which the most famous Batang Xianzi. Al market is a widely circulated on the snowy plateau construction work on the song and dance, in building the temple, palace, manor, dressing room, floor or roof, while labor, while an ancient song and dance the traditional art form. Zhuo market is the Tibetan songs and dances of Italy, and is spread in Lhasa, Shannan, and other places of the rural masses of a highly encouraged by the Chen Shui-bian Park-shaped waist. Pakistan harmonic harmonic Mary Tibetan songs and dances for men and women, meaning that this song and dance in general spread of the agricultural area of Tibet, including Ali in Rutog County, and so on. Sun is a spread in the area of Tibet, unique style, has a long history of the ancient folk song and dance, song and dance in Tibet and other such places Buceng Xian. Suo, the Tibetan language as presents of Italy, and is spread in Saga county in Xigaze Prefecture of an ancient song and dance, it generally in all religious festivals, performances. 

-- Folk songs. Tibet’s folk songs from the genre can be divided into terms of liquor songs, love songs, songs pilgrims, Duige, folk song (Pastoral), children’s songs, carols, Yingqin songs, conquests songs, guess songs, folk songs Minor, bandits and other songs. The wine songs, love songs, children’s songs, carols, Yingqin Duige songs and a wider distribution of almost all Tibetan areas all over. Folk Song also said Pastoral, the general spread in Hong areas (including Nagqu) area, its broad range, tempo, tempo free, sonorous sound, long, undulating melody larger. Tibetan conquests song called 100, good drop, is a ancient soldiers off the victorious return before or during the concert song, reportedly prevalent at the time of the Tubo Dynasty, and later spread to parts of Tibet, including the poor southern region County. Gangster song spread in the general area of the Nagqu Prefecture. 

-- Labor songs. Since ancient times, people’s labor is the most direct and usually a social activity, which runs through the history of human development. In music theory sector, some experts and scholars accustomed to working designated as a folk song category, there is a reason. However, taking into account this song genre, such as the number and types of features, from folk songs to take out a separate division to better reflect the characteristics of Tibetan folk music. Tibet’s labor songs can be divided into five, namely, construction labor songs, labor songs of agriculture, animal husbandry labor songs, labor songs and transport sideline labor songs. 

Construction labor songs, including songs of soil, carrying huge rock song Yun, sawn wood songs, songs back stones, smashing the foundation songs, songs and a wall of a song such as Aga. Agricultural labor songs, including farmland songs, songs of soil, weeding songs, Song Yun-fat, the harvest songs, playing field, such as songs. Livestock grazing labor songs, including songs, a song butter, shearing songs, songs such as milking. Sideline labor songs, including songs woven Pulu, washing Pulu songs, songs fried barley, feed mill song, Zhayou songs, songs such as arrows. The transport sector labor songs, including horses, mules, donkeys state song, rush yak song, is zoned leather boat song, and so on. 

-- Rap music. Tibet’s rap music Gesar, Mani Lama, the presentation of Ga, Guer Lu (Road Song), summer (Duige), Zhong Lu, such as rap music. Rap music is characterized by that paragraph, a section of singing, first said that after singing the cycle. Among them, Gesar popular rap music in general, northern Tibet’s Nagqu and Qamdo area of eastern Tibet, Mani Lama, the general popular rap music of the central region of Tibet in Lhasa, Xigaze, Shannan area; discount Ga rap music Widespread in all Tibetan areas in the rapper’s also some simple dance interludes, Guer Lu is an ancient Tibetan songs, the development of the three periods: the early period of Tibetan Zanpu Guer Lu, for the medium-term Feudal separatism during the Guer Lu (Mira heat which the Palestinian Guer Lu typical Habitat), quite late for the Gandan chapter of local government during the Guer Lu (VI, which measures the Dalai Lama and the Central Wharf Guer Lu typical Habitat ), Summer in the snow-covered plateau is widely circulated on a duet song, usually in the religious festival of performances, Zhong Lu Tibetan word for a story when Chang Dege, also known as the civil storytellers ( Or Pingshu) song, it spread to the whole of Tibet. 

-- Instrumental Music. Due to historical reasons, Tibet’s instrumental music is not very developed. Music is music, mainly in the religious music in a little more, and the pure folk music for less. Although the various historical periods of a number of musical instruments, but most of these instruments used in religious music, because many of the instrument itself is a religious Faqi, there was very little in the civil use, even in civil use has mostly served as the singing and dancing or folk songs Accompaniment task, and very little to the role of a soloist. With the Maji capsule of the organization was born, Mary reactor harmonic capsule as the band has had a capsule Mazha La West with a small number of pieces and start using the Mainland-meter spectrum. In the early 20th century, possession of a military band in the military, a military band instruments used mainly foreign tuba, trumpet, horn, trombone, flute, Duandi and size of military drums, cymbals, such as Cha. Recital repertoire of foreign music, Tibetan folk songs Gaibian Qu and part of the Han nationality. A military band also uses foreign Wuxian Pu. 

Religious music 

Before the peaceful liberation of Tibet is a politics and religion, almost all the people of the community of believers, Tibetan Buddhism occupied the entire field of social awareness and dominate people’s behaviour. Therefore, the religious music in the Tibetan society in the possession of the supreme status, which has been developed by leaps and bounds. Tibet’s religious music also known as the temple music, in general can be divided into Benjiao music and music of two Tibetan Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism has Hin-Chung and the music of the Tantric points. In form, the song is chanting, rituals song, Tantric Dance of King Kong. Religious music performances in the religious festivals in, because, essentially, religious music is the religious activity itself or as part of an integral part. Whether chanting music, song rituals, or Tantric King Kong song, and they are the religion itself an integral part of an inseparable from the content. Therefore, where there are religious activities of religious music, in this sense on the distribution of religious music second only to folk music.

 

 

 

Xigaze Heat pull Yong Zhong Lin Monastery’s copper-Chin
Religious music also called Faqi, general copper-Chin (Fahao): It is used in large-scale ceremony, a forest: a originated in the Han and play musical instruments, is also often used in large-scale ceremony Su Na: a originated in the vicinity of the Arab musical instruments, commonly used in the ceremonies; Zhang Bing drum or Linggu: commonly used in law enforcement and the Temple of the Yili Rang in the large gong or Tonglexia: mainly used for Declared monks who set the time; white conch: it is an important religious rituals in the accompaniment of musical instruments one of the Conch: It is mainly used with advanced features of the rituals, in the Sajia Ba, the Nyingmapa and Pakistan cited in the instrument generally used only for praise songs in the large Cha: It is mainly used for evil God and the rituals; tibia of: it is a widely used one play musical instruments, in response God ceremony will be Less; Bili: It is a from-the mascots; Yunluo: it often composed of nine gongs, is also a mascot. 

Music Drama 

Tibet’s major Tibetan Drama Theatre Arts, Qamdo drama, opera, and so the door Pakistan. Tibetan Drama also said that Tibetan opera and Tibetan drama is the art of the name. In this sense Qamdo opera, theater doors Palestinian areas belong to the Tibetan Drama, is a few branches of Tibetan Drama, but these singing opera, performing with the Guardian and other forms of the Tibetan Drama compared to a significant difference only, and hence had The name. 

Tibetan Drama is the art of the Tibetan people loved species, its spread widely, including Tibetan areas in the towns, villages, known to everyone. Before its peaceful liberation in that Tibet has more than 20 people around the possession Xi Banzai, of which the most influential Wo Qin Qiong, Tibetan Drama corporations, Jieka song of Tibetan Drama corporations, Pakistan- Tibetan Drama corporations, McGREGOR Wood-long Tibetan Drama Mission. 

From the color of the mask, the Tibetan Drama can be divided into white and blue mask show two masked drama. Is generally believed that the blue mask drama in the 14th century AD by the famous Tibetan Buddhist monk TANG Dong Ga Jupai created by Jeb. Since then, in the long process of development formed in eight plays, Chi Mei Gongdan, Nuosang King, Mary White, Pakistan, Sujinima, Langsawenbo, text - Princess,  Zhuowasangmu,  King Dayton-Toinzhub.  

Tibetan Drama music mainly in the form of singing, drum cymbals instrument to serve as an accompaniment. Tibetan Drama singing, can be regarded as a model of Tibetan vocal art, because of their rhythm of the long, the rhythms of the loose, the sonorous tones, pillow- (similar to the tremolo) the frequent use of techniques such as features in the world in the field of music is unique , Unique style, independence Yun charm.

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